Daftar Nama Penyakit Pisang dan Penyebabnya
Penyakit Disebabkan Bakteri
Bacterial wilt: Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1)
Blood disease: Pseudomonas spp. Bugtok: Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 2) Finger tip rot (gumming): Pseudomonas spp. Moko: Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 2) Rhizome rot: Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi Javanese vasular wilt: Pseudomonas spp. Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) Banana bacterial wilt, enset wilt: Xanthomonas campestris pv. Musacearum Penyakit Disebabkan Jamur
Anthracnose: Colletotrichum musae
Armillaria corn rot: Armillaria mellea, Armillaria tabescens Black cross: Phyllachora musicola Black leaf streak (BLS) or Black Sigatoka: Mycosphaerella fijiensis, (anamorph: Paracercospora fijiensis) Black root rot: Rosellinia bunodes Brown blotch: Pestalotiopsis leprogena Brown spot: Cercospora hayi Ceratocystis fruit rot: Ceratocystis paradoxa, (anamorph: Chalara paradoxa) Cigar-end: Verticillium theobromae, Trachysphaera fructigena Cladosporium speckle: Cladosporium musae Corm dry rot: Junghuhnia vincta Cordana leaf spot: Cordana johnstonii, Cordana musae Crown rot: Fusarium pallidoroseum, Colletotrichum musae, Verticillium theobromae, Fusarium spp., Acremonium spp. Cylindrocladium root rot: Cylindrocladium spp. Damping-off: Deightoniella torulosa Deightoniella fruit speckle, leaf spot and tip rot: Deightoniella torulosa Diamond spot: Cercospora hayi, Fusarium spp. Dwarf Cavendish tip rot: Nattrassia mangiferae=Hendersonula toruloidea Eyespot: Drechslera gigantea Fruit freckle (freckle): Guignardia musae, (anamorph: Phyllosticta musarum) Fruit rot: Botryosphaeria ribis Fungal root-rot: Fusarium solani, (teleomorph: Nectria haematococca), Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia spp. Fungal scald: Colletotrichum musae Leaf rust: Uredo musae, Uromyces musae Leaf speckle: Acrodontium simplex Leaf spot: Curvularia eragrostidis Leaf spot: Drechslera musae-sapientum Leaf spot: Leptosphaeria musarum Leaf spot: Pestalotiopsis disseminata Main stalk rot: Ceratocystis paradoxa Malayan leaf spot: Haplobasidion musae Marasmiellus rot: Marasmiellus inoderma=Marasmius semiustus Panama disease (Fusarium wilt): Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Races 1, 2 and 4 - inc.Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Subtropical Race 4 Peduncle rot: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium theobromae Pestalotiopsis leaf spot: Pestalotiopsis palmarum Phaeoseptoria leaf spot: Phaeoseptoria musae Pitting: Pyricularia grisea Pseudostem heart rot: Fusarium moniliforme, (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi) Root & rhizome rot: Cylindrocarpon musae Sclerotinia fruit rot: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Septoria leaf spot: teleomorph: Mycosphaerella eumusae, (anamorph: Septoria eumusae, a new species even more aggressive than Black Sigatoka and spreading in Asia and the Indian Ocean. Sheath rot: Nectria foliicola, Mycosphaerella musicola, (anamorph: Pseudocercospora musae) Sooty mold: Limacinula tenuis Speckle” Mycosphaerella musae Squirter (black end disease): Nigrospora sphaerica Stem-end rot: Colletotrichum musae Trachysphaera finger rot: Trachysphaera fructigena Tropical speckle: Ramichloridium musae=Veronaea musae=Periconiella musae Verticillium tip rot: Verticillium theobromae Yellow Sigatoka: Mycosphaerella musicola Penyakit Disebabkan Virus:
Bract mosaic: Banana bract mosaic virus
Bunchy top: Banana bunchy top virus Mosaic: Cucumber mosaic virus Streak: Banana streak virus Banana mild mosaic: Banana mild mosaic virus Banana virus X: Banana virus X Gangguan oleh Nematoda:
Nematode root rot (burrowing nematode): Radopholus similis
Root-knot: Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica Root-lesion: Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus reniformia Spiral nematode root damage: Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Helicotylenchus dihystera Parasitic nematodes of banana (pests and diseases) (Fred Brooks, June 2004) Gangguan Lain
Alligator skin: Light abrasions on fruit peel caused by leaves or bracts
Blue disease: Magnesium deficiency Choke: Low winter temperatures Dwarfism: Genetic mutation Elephantiasis: Unknown cause Fruit chimera: Genetic mutation Fused fingers: Genetic defect Giantism: Genetic mutation Heart leaf unfurling disorder: Unknown cause High mat: Unknown cause Leaf edge chlorosis: Unknown cause Maturity bronzing: Unknown cause Rayadilla: Zinc deficiency Rosetting: Nitrogen deficiency Roxana: Unknown cause Spike leaf: Low winter temperatures Split peel: Rapid filling of pulp of fruit Taiwan marginal scorch: Unknown cause "Segmented Banana": Chilling injury to fruit One of the less common plantain diseases is exostentialis clittellus referred to by most plantain and banana farmers as "segmented banana". This is a result of the peel forming tiny inter-fruit membranes which cause the banana to appear as though it has been sliced before it is peeled. This is generally a result of freezing the fruit, and occurs most commonly in fruit that is sold in large stores or supermarkets. Yellow mat: Unknown cause Yellow pulp: Delay in fruit filling, drought, excessive shading, magnesium deficiency, poor nutrition Yellows: Lack of water Neer Vazhai: Unknown etiology Kottai Vazhai or seediness in Parthenocarpic Poovan banana: Unknown etiology, probably due to BSV infection Common Names of banana diseases and their causal agents
Notes: Although rhizome is the botanically correct term for the underground stem of banana, it is also called corm and head. A mat is a large rhizome mass that gives rise to numerous pseudostems. A finger is an individual banana fruit. Pulp is the fleshy, edible part of the finger beneath the peel. The tip-end of a finger is where the flowers are/were attached. The stem–end of a finger is where the pedicel is attached. Fingers are arranged in a hand. Pedicelsconnect fingers of a hand to the crown, which is attached to the fruit stalk or peduncle. All hands on a peduncle make up the bunch. The pseudostem is the erect stem of the banana, which is composed of tightly packed leaf sheaths. The heart of a bananais the area around the psedostem apex where the young leaf petioles emerge. |